CVS

Access a new repository
- local repository
  #> cvs -d /usr/local/cvs command
- password-authenticated server
  #> cvs -d :pserver:jrandom@cvs.foobar.com:/usr/local/cvs command
  the password can be stored in ~/.cvspass with
  #> cvs -d :pserver:jrandom@cvs.foobar.com:/usr/local/cvs login
  and can be removed from ~/.cvspass with
  #> cvs -d :pserver:jrandom@cvs.foobar.com:/usr/local/cvs logout
- external connection program
  #> CVS_RSH=rsh; export CVS_RSH #> cvs -d :ext:jrandom@cvs.foobar.com:/usr/local/cvs command
- the other protocols are kserver (Kerberos) and gserver (Generic Security Services API)
- the -d flag can be replaced by defining the environment variable CVSROOT
  #> CVSROOT=:pserver:jrandom@cvs.foobar.com:/usr/local/cvs; export CVSROOT
create a project
#> cvs import -m "log msg" projname vendortag releasetag
Checking out a working copy
- #> cvs checkout myproj
  or
  #> cvs co myproj
- specifying the revision
  #> cvs checkout -r 1.3 myproj
- specifying the tag
  #> cvs checkout -r MyTag myproj
- list all the modukes
  #> cvs co -c

Creating/removing elements

creating a file requires two steps: first the add command on it, then commit:
#> cvs add newfile.c #> cvs ci -m "added newfile.c" newfile.c
keyword expansion and line-ending conversion must be turned off to add binary files:
#> cvs add -kb newfile.c
it is also possible to remove keyword expansion for some files:
#> cvs add -ko newfile.c
removing a file requires first to remove the file from the working directory:
#> rm newfile.c #> cvs remove newfile.c #> cvs ci -m "removed newfile.c" newfile.c
creating a directory requires just the add command:
#> mkdir newdir #> cvs add newdir
to remove a directory from a project, first remove all the files in it
#> cd newdir #> rm file1 file2 file3 #> cvs remove file1 file2 file3 #> cvs ci -m "removed all files" file1 file2 file3 #> cd .. #> cvs update -P
the -P option tells update to prune all empty directories
rename a file
#> mv oldname newname #> cvs remove oldname #> cvs add newname #> cvs ci -m "renamed oldname to newname" oldname newname

rename a directory

#> mkdir newdir

#> cvs add newdir

#> mv olddir/* newdir

mv: newdir/CVS: cannot overwrite directory (this is not a problem)

#> cd olddir

#> cvs rm foo.c bar.txt

#> cd ../newdir

#> cvs add foo.c bar.txt

#> cd .. 

#> cvs commit -m "moved foo.c and bar.txt from olddir to newdir"

#> cvs update -P

status
#> cvs status hello.c
History
- dump the log of the file
  #> cvs log hello.c
- for each file of the file, indicate whan, who and on which revision the change has been done
  #> cvs annotate hello.c
Update
- #> cvs update
- to a given revision
  #> cvs update -r 1.2
- to a given tag
  #> cvs update -r MyTag
Diff
- #> cvs diff
- use
  -c
  to perform a context diff
  #> cvs diff -c foobar.c
- use
  -r
  to specify the version to use as the reference to be compared with the working copy
  #> cvs diff -r 1.218.2.14 toto.c
  or both versions
  #> cvs diff -r 1.218.2.14 -r 1.218.2.13 toto.c
tkdiff
- compare a file with its repository revision
  #> tkdiff hello.c
- compare two text files
  #> tkdiff foo bar
commit
#> cvs commit -m "print goodbye too" hello.c
or
#> cvs ci -m "print goodbye too" hello.c
Tag
- a tag name starts with a letter and contain letters, digits, hyphens (-), and underscores (_).
- CVS has two different kinds of tags:
  Sticky tags which are tightly bound to one particular revision number for a given file
  Branch tags that allow you to check in new revisions.
- cvs tag uses a file system hierarchy determine which revisions to associate with the label
  cvs rtag works directly on the repository.
- create a sticky tag from an existing hierarchy
  #> cvs tag MyTag
- create a branch tag from an existing hierarchy
  #> cvs tag -R -b MyTag
- create a branch tag from an existing tag
  #> cvs tag -r ExistingTag -b MyTag
- move the tag MyTag to version 1.11 for the foobar.c file
  #> cvs tag -r 1.11 -F MyTag foobar.c
- delete a tag
  #> cvs rtag -d MyTag MyProject
Help
- return the version of the client and of the server
  #> cvs version
- return the list of synonyms
  #> cvs --help-synonyms